Molecular Weight (MW)

607.62

Formula

C35H28F3N5O2

CAS No.

1222998-36-8

Storage

-20℃ for 3 years in powder form

-80℃ for 2 years in solvent

Solubility (In vitro)

DMSO: 2 mg/mL (3.29 mM)

Water: <1 mg/mL

Ethanol: <1 mg/mL

Solubility (In vivo)

30% PEG 400+0.5% Tween80+5% Propylene glycol: 30mg/mL

Synonyms

Torin-1; Torin1; Torin 1; 1-(4-(4-propionylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-9-(quinolin-3-yl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2(1H)-one

In Vitro

Kinase Assay: To produce soluble mTORC1, HEK-293T cell lines that stably express N-terminally FLAG-tagged Raptor are generated using vesicular stomatitis virus G-pseudotyped MSCV retrovirus. For mTORC2, similar HeLa cells that stably express N-terminally FLAG-tagged Protor-1 are generated. Both complexes are purified by lysing cells in 50 mm HEPES, pH 7.4, 10 mm sodium pyrophosphate, 10 mm sodium β-glycerophosphate, 100 mm NaCl, 2 mm EDTA, 0.3% CHAPS. Cells are lysed at 4 °C for 30 min, and the insoluble fraction is removed by microcentrifugation at 13,000 rpm for 10 min. Supernatants are incubated with FLAG-M2 monoclonal antibody-agarose for 1 h and then washed three times with lysis buffer and once with lysis buffer containing a final concentration of 0.5 M NaCl. Purified mTORC1 is eluted with 100 μg/mL 3×FLAG peptide in 50 mm HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mm NaCl. Eluate can be aliquoted and stored at -80 °C. Substrates S6K1 and Akt1 are purified. Kinase assays are performed for 20 min at 30 °C in a final volume of 20 μL consisting of the kinase buffer (25 mm HEPES, pH 7.4, 50 mm KCl, 10 mm MgCl2, 500 μm ATP) and 150 ng of inactive S6K1 or Akt1 as substrates. Reactions are stopped by the addition of 80 μL of sample buffer and boiled for 5 min. Samples are subsequently analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting.

Cell Assay: Cell viability is assessed with the CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. On Day 0, 96-well plates are seeded with 500 cells per well and grown overnight. On Day 1, cells are treated with the appropriate compounds and subsequently analyzed on Days 3-5. For analysis, plates are incubated for 60 min at room temperature; 50 μL of CellTiter-Glo reagent is added to each well, and plates are mixed on an orbital shaker for 12 min. Luminescence is quantified on a standard plate luminometer.

Torin1 inhibits phosphorylation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 substrates in cells at concentrations of 2 and 10 nM, respectively. Moreover, Torin1 exhibits 1000-fold selectivity for mTOR over PI3K (EC50 = 1800 nM) and exhibits 100-fold binding selectivity relative to 450 other protein kinases. Torin1 causes cell cycle arrest through a rapamycin-resistant mechanism that is also independent of mTORC2. Torin1 disrupts mTORC1-dependent phenotypes more completely than rapamycin. Rapamycin-resistant functions of mTORC1 are required for cap-dependent translation. In a recent study, it is reported Torin1 increases neurotensin secretion and gene expression through activation of the MEK/ERK/c-Jun pathway in the human endocrine cell line BON.

In Vivo

Torin1 is efficacious at a dose of 20 mg/kg in a U87MG xenograft model and demonstrates good pharmacodynamic inhibition of downstream effectors of mTOR in tumor and peripheral tissues.

Animal model

U87MG xenograft model

Formulation & Dosage

Formulated first at 25 mg/mL in 100% N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and subsequently diluted 1:4 with sterile 50% PEG400 to a final concentration of 5 mg/mL; 20 mg/kg; i.p. injection

References

J Biol Chem. 2009 Mar 20;284(12):8023-32; J Med Chem. 2010 Oct 14;53(19):7146-55.