Ambrisentan(BSF 208075 LU 208075)

Molecular Weight (MW)	378.42
Formula	C22H22N2O4
CAS No.	177036-94-1
Storage	-20℃ for 3 years in powder form
-80℃ for 2 years in solvent
Solubility (In vitro)	DMSO: 76 mg/mL (200.8 mM)
Water: <1 mg/mL
Ethanol: 22 mg/mL (58.1 mM)
Other info	Chemical Name: (S)-2-((4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)oxy)-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid InChi Key: OUJTZYPIHDYQMC-LJQANCHMSA-N InChi Code: InChI=1S/C22H22N2O4/c1-15-14-16(2)24-21(23-15)28-19(20(25)26)22(27-3,17-10-6-4-7-11-17)18-12-8-5-9-13-18/h4-14,19H,1-3H3,(H,25,26)/t19-/m1/s1 SMILES Code: O=C(O)[C@@H](OC1=NC(C)=CC(C)=N1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(OC)C3=CC=CC=C3
Synonyms	LU-208075, BSF-208075; BSF208075; LU208075; BSF 208075; LU 208075; trade name Letairis; Volibris; pulmonext.

Molecular Weight (MW)

378.42

Formula

C22H22N2O4

CAS No.

177036-94-1

Storage

-20℃ for 3 years in powder form

-80℃ for 2 years in solvent

Solubility (In vitro)

DMSO: 76 mg/mL (200.8 mM)

Water: <1 mg/mL

Ethanol: 22 mg/mL (58.1 mM)

Other info

Chemical Name: (S)-2-((4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)oxy)-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid
InChi Key: OUJTZYPIHDYQMC-LJQANCHMSA-N
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C22H22N2O4/c1-15-14-16(2)24-21(23-15)28-19(20(25)26)22(27-3,17-10-6-4-7-11-17)18-12-8-5-9-13-18/h4-14,19H,1-3H3,(H,25,26)/t19-/m1/s1
SMILES Code: O=C(O)[C@@H](OC1=NC(C)=CC(C)=N1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(OC)C3=CC=CC=C3

Synonyms

LU-208075, BSF-208075; BSF208075; LU208075; BSF 208075; LU 208075; trade name Letairis; Volibris; pulmonext.

In Vitro	In vitro activity: Ambrisentan only increases intracellular calcein fluorescence in P388/dx cells at concentrations above 100 μM and in L-MDR1 cells not at all indicating negligible P-gp inhibition. Ambrisentan inhibits specific [(125)I]ET-1 binding in these tissues in a concentration-dependent manner. Ambrisentan undergoes oxidative metabolism mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and to a lesser extent by CYP3A5 and CYP2C19. Ambrisentan is not only a strong inducer of CYP3A4, but also of ABCB1 and ABCG2. Ambrisentan also has a concentration-dependent effect on PXR activity, but because plateau effects are not reached, an EC50-value could not be calculated. Ambrisentan inhibits specific [(125)I]ET-1 binding in a concentration-dependent manner at nanomolar ranges of IC50. Ambrisentan significantly increases the dissociation constant for bladder [(125)I]ET-1 binding without affecting maximal number of binding sites (Bmax). Ambrisentan seem to bind to bladder ET-1 receptor in a competitive and reversible manner. Ambrisentan is an effective and safe treatment which is a valuable addition to the armamentarium against PAH. Ambrisentan offers a relative lack of drug interactions, once daily dosing and reassuring liver safety, offering safety and convenience advantages over bosentan. Cell Assay: Unless otherwise stated, for each BMEC experiment cells are randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) normoxia vehicle control (Nx-CTRL); (2) normoxia-treated; (3) hypoxia (24 h) control (Hx-CTRL) and (4) hypoxia (24 h) treated. As previously described, Nrf2 activators are added 24 h prior to any hypoxic exposures. Cell treatments are; Protandim (100 μg/mL), methazolamide (125 μg/mL, nifedipine (7 μg/mL) or Ambrisentan (40 μg/mL). In addition, some cells are treated with Nrf2 siRNA. In these experiments, siRNA is added 24 h prior to drug treatments. The rationale for 24 h hypoxia exposure for BMEC is to ensure that cells remained transfected with siRNA for the pre-treatment of drugs (24 h in normoxia) and during the 24 h hypoxia exposure. Data is collected from at least three separate cell culture preparations on three separate days (n=9).
In Vivo	In the Ambrisentan group, hepatic hydroxyproline content is significantly lower than in the control group (18.0 μg/g±6.1 μg/g vs 33.9 μg/g±13.5 μg/g liver, respectively, P=0.014). Hepatic fibrosis estimated by Sirius red staining and areas positive for α-smooth muscle actin, indicative of activated hepatic stellate cells, are also significantly lower in the Ambrisentan group (0.46%±0.18% vs 1.11%±0.28%, respectively, P=0.0003; and 0.12%±0.08% vs 0.25%±0.11%, respectively, P=0.047). Moreover, hepatic RNA expression levels of procollagen-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) are significantly lower by 60% and 45%, respectively, in the Ambrisentan group. Inflammation, steatosis, and endothelin-related mRNA expression in the liver are not significantly different between the groups. Ambrisentan attenuates the progression of hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation and reducing procollagen-1 and TIMP-1 gene expression. Ambrisentan did not affect inflammation or steatosis.
Animal model	Mice
Formulation & Dosage	A total of 13 male FLS-ob/ob mice (age, 8 wk; body weight, 42.88 g±1.74 g) are used. At the age of 12 wk, male FLS-ob/ob mice are randomly assigned to the Ambrisentan (n=8) or control (n= 5) group. Intragastric gavage administration is carried out in conscious animals with an appropriately sized gastric tube. Ambrisentan (2.5 mg/kg per day) is orally administered every afternoon for 4 wk as a bolus through a gastric tube. Water is administered to the control group. At week 4, animals are fasted for 4 h and tail vein blood is drawn and subjected to blood glucose determination. Animals are killed by pentobarbital anesthesia injection after 4 wk and blood is collected from the right ventricle. Plasma samples are frozen and stored at -80°C Liver and visceral fat are then weighed, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C. Additional liver specimens are fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin for histological analysis.
References	Biol Pharm Bull. 2014;37(3):461-5; Biochem Pharmacol. 2013 Jan 15;85(2):265-73.

In Vitro

In vitro activity: Ambrisentan only increases intracellular calcein fluorescence in P388/dx cells at concentrations above 100 μM and in L-MDR1 cells not at all indicating negligible P-gp inhibition. Ambrisentan inhibits specific [(125)I]ET-1 binding in these tissues in a concentration-dependent manner. Ambrisentan undergoes oxidative metabolism mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and to a lesser extent by CYP3A5 and CYP2C19. Ambrisentan is not only a strong inducer of CYP3A4, but also of ABCB1 and ABCG2. Ambrisentan also has a concentration-dependent effect on PXR activity, but because plateau effects are not reached, an EC50-value could not be calculated. Ambrisentan inhibits specific [(125)I]ET-1 binding in a concentration-dependent manner at nanomolar ranges of IC50. Ambrisentan significantly increases the dissociation constant for bladder [(125)I]ET-1 binding without affecting maximal number of binding sites (Bmax). Ambrisentan seem to bind to bladder ET-1 receptor in a competitive and reversible manner. Ambrisentan is an effective and safe treatment which is a valuable addition to the armamentarium against PAH. Ambrisentan offers a relative lack of drug interactions, once daily dosing and reassuring liver safety, offering safety and convenience advantages over bosentan.

Cell Assay: Unless otherwise stated, for each BMEC experiment cells are randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) normoxia vehicle control (Nx-CTRL); (2) normoxia-treated; (3) hypoxia (24 h) control (Hx-CTRL) and (4) hypoxia (24 h) treated. As previously described, Nrf2 activators are added 24 h prior to any hypoxic exposures. Cell treatments are; Protandim (100 μg/mL), methazolamide (125 μg/mL, nifedipine (7 μg/mL) or Ambrisentan (40 μg/mL). In addition, some cells are treated with Nrf2 siRNA. In these experiments, siRNA is added 24 h prior to drug treatments. The rationale for 24 h hypoxia exposure for BMEC is to ensure that cells remained transfected with siRNA for the pre-treatment of drugs (24 h in normoxia) and during the 24 h hypoxia exposure. Data is collected from at least three separate cell culture preparations on three separate days (n=9).

In Vivo

In the Ambrisentan group, hepatic hydroxyproline content is significantly lower than in the control group (18.0 μg/g±6.1 μg/g vs 33.9 μg/g±13.5 μg/g liver, respectively, P=0.014). Hepatic fibrosis estimated by Sirius red staining and areas positive for α-smooth muscle actin, indicative of activated hepatic stellate cells, are also significantly lower in the Ambrisentan group (0.46%±0.18% vs 1.11%±0.28%, respectively, P=0.0003; and 0.12%±0.08% vs 0.25%±0.11%, respectively, P=0.047). Moreover, hepatic RNA expression levels of procollagen-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) are significantly lower by 60% and 45%, respectively, in the Ambrisentan group. Inflammation, steatosis, and endothelin-related mRNA expression in the liver are not significantly different between the groups. Ambrisentan attenuates the progression of hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation and reducing procollagen-1 and TIMP-1 gene expression. Ambrisentan did not affect inflammation or steatosis.

Animal model

Mice

Formulation & Dosage

A total of 13 male FLS-ob/ob mice (age, 8 wk; body weight, 42.88 g±1.74 g) are used. At the age of 12 wk, male FLS-ob/ob mice are randomly assigned to the Ambrisentan (n=8) or control (n= 5) group. Intragastric gavage administration is carried out in conscious animals with an appropriately sized gastric tube. Ambrisentan (2.5 mg/kg per day) is orally administered every afternoon for 4 wk as a bolus through a gastric tube. Water is administered to the control group. At week 4, animals are fasted for 4 h and tail vein blood is drawn and subjected to blood glucose determination. Animals are killed by pentobarbital anesthesia injection after 4 wk and blood is collected from the right ventricle. Plasma samples are frozen and stored at -80°C Liver and visceral fat are then weighed, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C. Additional liver specimens are fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin for histological analysis.

References

Biol Pharm Bull. 2014;37(3):461-5; Biochem Pharmacol. 2013 Jan 15;85(2):265-73.

CAS NO:	177036-94-1
规格:	≥98%

包装	价格(元)
100mg	电议
250mg	电议
500mg	电议
1g	电议
2g	电议
5g	电议