Background:

AG-490 is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits EGFR, Stat-3 and JAK2/3.
AG490 inhibits the activation of Stat-3 by selectively blocking JAK2. AG490 is used to selectively inhibit JAK/Stat-3 activation. At a dose of 10 μM, Stat-3 phosphorylation is decreased by >95% and cell viability is maintained. AG490 at a dose of 10 μM results in >95% decrease in pStat-3 in EGF-stimulated A431 cells with no effect on Stat-3 mass[1]. AG-490 is a potent inhibitor of the JAK3/STAT, JAK3/AP-1, and JAK3/MAPK pathways and their cellular consequences. AG-490 abolishes IL-2-inducible [3H]thymidine incorporation in a dose-dependent manner, displaying an IC50 of 25 μM. AG-490 potently inhibits IL-2-mediated proliferation in T cells, results distinct from previous studies that showed this agent induced apoptosis in ALL cells while exerting apparently no effects on the growth of mitogen-stimulated normal T cells[2].
AG490 significantly inhibits the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) (p?=?0.02, p?=?0.005; at two different time points). Monotherapy of newly diagnosed diabetic NOD mice with AG490 (1 mg/mouse) markedly results in disease remission in treated animals (n=23) in comparision to the absolute inability (0%; 0/10, p=0.003, Log-rank test) of DMSO and sustained eugluycemia is maintained for several months following drug withdrawal[3]. AG490 (1-10 μg) significantly attenuates ?-carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner. AG490 also reduces mechanical hyperalgesia[4].
Reference:
[1]. Dowlati A, et al. Combined inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor and JAK/STAT pathways results in greater growth inhibition in vitro than single agent therapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 2004 Apr;3(4):459-63
[2]. Wang LH, et al. JAK3, STAT, and MAPK signaling pathways as novel molecular targets for the tyrphostin AG-490 regulation ofIL-2-mediated T cell response. J Immunol. 1999 Apr 1;162(7):3897-904.
[3]. Davoodi-Semiromi A, et al. The tyrphostin agent AG490 prevents and reverses type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36079.
[4]. Cheppudira BP, et al. Anti-hyperalgesic effects of AG490, a Janus kinase inhibitor, in a rat model of inflammatory pain. Biomed Rep. 2015 Sep;3(5):703-706.