A mixture of ganglioside GM1
货号:ajcx22552
CAS:1007119-81-4
分子式:C73H130N3O31.NH4 (for stearoyl)
分子量：1563.9
溶解度:
纯度：98%
存储：Store at -20°C
库存：现货

Background:

Ganglioside G_M1is a monosialylated ganglioside and the prototypic ganglioside for those containing one sialic acid residue.^1,2It is found in a large variety of cells, including immune cells and neurons, and is enriched in lipid rafts in the cell membrane.³It associates with growth factor receptors, including TrkA, TrkB, and the GDNF receptor complex containing Ret and GFRα, and is required for TrkA expression on the cell surface. Ganglioside G_M1interacts with other proteins to increase calcium influx, affecting various calcium-dependent processes, including inducing neuronal outgrowth during differentiation. Ganglioside G_M1acts as a receptor for cholera toxin, which binds to its oligosaccharide group, facilitating toxin cell entry into epithelial cells of the jejunum.^4,5Similarly, it is bound by the heat-labile enterotoxin fromE. coliin the pathogenesis of traveler's diarrhea.⁶Ganglioside G_M1sensitizes inactivated T cells to TNF-α-induced apoptosis and induces apoptosis of activated T cells even in the absence of TNF-α.⁷Ganglioside G_M1is found at higher levels on T cells isolated from patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared with T cells from patients without cancer. Levels of ganglioside G_M1are decreased in the substantia nigra pars compacta in postmortem brain from patients with Parkinson's disease.³Ganglioside G_M1gangliosidosis, characterized by a deficiency in G_M1-β-galactosidase, the enzyme that degrades ganglioside G_M1, leads to accumulation of the gangliosides G_M1and G_A1in neurons and can be fatal in infants.¹Ganglioside G_M1mixture contains ganglioside G_M1molecular species isolated from porcine brain with primarily C18:0 fatty acyl chain lengths, as well as a lower amount of C20:0 fatty acyl chain lengths, among various others. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1545]

1.Kolter, T.Ganglioside biochemistryISRN Biochem.506160(2012) 2.Mocchetti, I.Exogenous gangliosides, neuronal plasticity and repair, and the neurotrophinsCell Mol. Life Sci.62(19-20)2283-2294(2005) 3.Ledeen, R.W., and Wu, G.The multi-tasked life of GM1 ganglioside, a true factotum of natureTrends Biochem. Sci.40(7)407-418(2015) 4.Turnbull, W.B., Precious, B.L., and Homans, S.W.Dissecting the cholera toxin-ganglioside GM1 interaction by isothermal titration calorimetryJ. Am. Chem. Soc.126(4)1047-1054(2004) 5.Blank, N., Schiller, M., Krienke, S., et al.Cholera toxin binds to lipid rafts but has a limited specificity for ganglioside GM1Immunol. Cell Biol.85(5)378-382(2007) 6.Minke, W.E., Roach, C., Hol, W.G., et al.Structure-based exploration of the ganglioside GM1 binding sites of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin for the discovery of receptor antagonistsBiochemistry38(18)5684-5692(1999) 7.Das, T., Sa, G., Hilston, C., et al.GM1 and tumor necrosis factor-ɑ, overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma, synergize to induce T-cell apoptosisCancer Res.68(6)2014-2023(2008)