Cell lines

Wild-type or Bcr-Abl transformed Ba/F3 cells

Preparation method

The solubility of this compound in DMSO is >10 mM. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 ℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.

Reaction Conditions

0-3 μM

Applications

Inhibition of wild-type Abl was observed for both inhibitors with GNF-5 exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.22 mM, dasatinib using an ATP concentration of 20 mM with an IC50 value of 0.12 mM. The myristate site mutant E505K was inhibited by dasatinib with an IC50 value of 0.02 mM, but not by GNF-5 (IC50>10 mM).

Animal models

Abl-^loxand SM22^cremice on C57BL/6 background

Dosage form

Animals were intranasally instilled with 10 mg/kg GNF-5 or PBS 1 h before OVA instillation and 5 h after OVA instillation for last three weeks.

Applications

In conditional knockout of Abl mice, the levels of IL-13 and CCL2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid treated with ovalbumin has not been affected, but it works after treatment with imatinib and GNF-5 as well as airway resistance and smooth muscle growth in animals. Treatment with imatinib or GNF-5 inhibited the ACh-induced contraction in isolated mouse tracheal rings of OVA-sensitized and challenged mice. Treatment with imatinib or GNF-5 diminished the fluorescent intensity of PCNA in BALB/c mice treated with OVA.

Other notes

Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.

GNF-5 is an analogue of GNF-2 and a selective non-ATP competitive inhibitor of Bcr-Abl with an IC50 value of 0.1 to >10 μM in various cancer cell lines.

Bcr-Abl is a fusion gene that results from the head-to-tail fusion of the Bcr and Abl genes[1]. Bcr-Abl upregulates production of tyrosine kinase and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) [1].

GNF-5 has the same chemical structure as its parent molecule (GNF-2) with the exception of N-hydroxyethyl carboxamide at its 4-position and such modification provided GNF-5 a longer half-life from (2.30 hrs)[2]. Similar with GNF-2, GNF-5 allosterically inhibits the proliferation of Bcr-Abl positive cell by binding to the myristate-binding site of Abl and induces cell apoptosis[3]. In steady-state kinetic analyses, GNF-5 was able to inhibit wild type Abl with an IC50 value of 0.22 μM[2]. In addition, GNF-5 also has a similar effectiveness against various imatinib(R) resistance cell lines: In E255V and T315I mutant Ba/F3 cells, a 12-day incubation of GNF-5 2 was able to inhibit the proliferation of cells with a IC50 value of 0.38 and 5 μM, respectively[2].

In mice injected with wild-type Bcr-Abl and luciferase expressing Ba/F3 cells, continuous injection of GNF-5 for 7 days (50 mg/kg, twice per day) normalized peripheral blood cell counts, as well as spleen size[2]. When treating mice that injected with imatinib(R) resistance T315I Bcr–Abl-transduced bone marrow, daily injection of GNF-5 (75 mg/ kg, twice per day) significantly extended the survival day of mice from 24 days to 22 days[2].

References:
[1]. Rumpold, H. & Webersinke, G. 2011. Molecular pathogenesis of Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia - is it all BCR-ABL? Curr Cancer Drug Targets, 11, 3-19.
[2].  Zhang, J., Adrian, F. J., Jahnke, W., et al. 2010. Targeting Bcr-Abl by combining allosteric with ATP-binding-site inhibitors. Nature, 463, 501-506.
[3].  Karunakaran, U., Park, S. J., Jun, D. Y., et al. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors enhances β-cell survival by suppressing the PKCδ signal transduction pathway in streptozotocin – induced β-cell apoptosis. Cellular Signalling.