Roquinimex (Linomide; PNU212616; ABR212616) is a quinoline derivative immunostimulant which increases NK cell activity and macrophage cytotoxicity; inhibits angiogenesis and reduces the secretion of TNF alpha.IC50 value:Target: TNF alphaProphylactic administration of DSS-treated mice with roquinimex significantly reduced clinical signs of colitis, MDS and the CH-reduction. Moreover, in roquinimex treated animals, the MPO activity was significantly reduced by more than 50% compared to DSS control mice. Notably, therapeutic administration of roquinimex in DSS-treated mice also significantly inhibited the MDS, CH-reduction and MPO activity [2]. Linomide, a synthetic immunomodulator, at concentrations effective in vivo reduces the number of MBP-reactive TNF-alpha and increases MBP-reactive IL-10 and TGF-beta mRNA expressing MNC from MS patients' blood when analysed in vitro. Compared to dexamethasone, Linomide up-regulated levels of blood MNC expressing mRNA of TGF-beta after culture in presence of MBP [3].

[1]. Roquinimex, From Wikipedia [2]. Liu Q, et al. Roquinimex inhibits dextran sodium sulfate-induced murine colitis. Inflamm Res. 2003 Feb;52(2):64-8. [3]. Tian WZ, et al. Linomide (roquinimex) affects the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in vitro in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 1998 Aug;98(2):94-101.