Gliovirin is a fungal metabolite that has been found inT. harzianumand has fungicidal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.¹It is active against the plant pathogenic fungusP. ultimum(MIC = 60 ng/ml) and the parasiteT. brucei brucei(IC₅₀= 90 ng/ml), but has no effect on the plant pathogenic fungiR. solani,P. omnivorum,T. basicola,R. arrhizus, andV. dahliaeor the bacteriaB. thuringiensis,P. fluorescens, andX. malvacearumwhen used at concentrations up to 1,000 ng/ml.^2,3Gliovirin decreases phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA)- and ionomycin-induced increased expression of COX-2 (IC₅₀= 1 µM) and protein levels of IL-2 in Jurkat cells (IC₅₀= 5.2 µM).¹

1.Rether, J., Serwe, A., Anke, T., et al.Inhibition of inducible tumor necrosis factor-α expression by the fungal epipolythiodiketopiperazine gliovirinBiol. Chem.388(6)627-637(2007) 2.Howell, C.R., and Stipanovic, R.D.Gliovirin, a new antibiotic from Gliocladium virens, and its role in the biological control of Pythium ultimumCan. J. Microbiol.29(3)321-324(1983) 3.Iwatsuki, M., Otoguro, K., Ishiyama, A., et al.In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of 12 low-molecular-weight antibiotics and observations of structure/activity relationshipsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)63(10)619-622(2010)