Probenecid is a potent and selective agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channels. Probenecid also inhibitspannexin 1channels.

TRPV2^[1]

Probenecid efficiently inhibits ATP-dependent active vesicular N-ethylmaleimide glutathione (NEM-GS) uptake by both MRP1 and MRP2. A significant inhibition of the MRP1-ATPase is observed at higher organic anion concentrations. In contrast, the ATPase activity of MRP2 is strongly stimulated by both Probenecid (approximate K_ACT=250 μM), sulfinpyrazone (K_ACT=300 μM), and indomethacin (K_ACT=150 μM), and ATPase activation is even stronger than in the case of NEM-GS. The organic anion activation of the MRP2-ATPase followed bell-shaped curves, with maximum values obtained at about 2 mM for Probenecid, 800 μM for sulfinpyrazone, and 400 μM for indomethacin^[2]. Probenecid is an inhibitor of the hTAS2R16, hTAS2R38, and hTAS2R43 bitter taste receptors. Probenecid acts on a subset of TAS2Rs and inhibits through a novel, allosteric mechanism of action. Probenecid is also commonly used to enhance cellular signals in GPCR calcium mobilization assays. Probenecid specifically inhibits the cellular response mediated by the bitter taste receptor hTAS2R16 and provide molecular and pharmacological evidence for direct interaction with this GPCR using a non-competitive (allosteric) mechanism^[3].

Administration of Probenecid to WT mice results in increased contractility as measured via ejection fraction (EF) relative to EF in control mice given saline. The increased contractility is noted within 5 minutes of the bolus injection with all doses at or above 75 mg/kg (peak change of 5.26±3.35, 8.40±2.80, 7.32±2.52 for 75mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg, respectively). The measured change in contractility as measured at 5 minute intervals (for 30 minutes total) revealed a dose dependent increase in contractility with an estimated EC₅₀of 49.33 mg/kg. The EF remained at an elevated state for at least 1 hour on subjects (n=5, dose of 200 mg/kg IV) that are evaluated for a longer period of time (average increase in EF over baseline of 8.9±2.57)^[1].

285.36

Solid

C₁₃H₁₉NO₄S

57-66-9

丙磺舒；丙璜舒；羧苯磺胺

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL(350.43 mM)

0.5 M NaOH : 100 mg/mL(350.43 mM;ultrasonic and adjust pH to 12 with NaOH)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80℃, 6 months; -20℃, 1 month。-80℃ 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20℃ 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照In Vitro方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40%PEG300   5%Tween-80   45% saline

  Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (8.76 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

  此方案可获得 2.5 mg/mL (8.76 mM) 的均匀悬浊液，悬浊液可用于口服和腹腔注射。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH2O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液
• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90%corn oil

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.76 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.76 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。