Alogliptin (formerly also known as SYR-322; trade names Nesina; Kazano, Oseni) is a novel, potent, orally bioavailable, and selective inhibitor of DPP-4 (serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV) with potential anti-hyperglycemic activity. It inhibits DPP-4 with an IC50 value of 2.6 nM, and exhibits >10,000-fold selectivity for inhibiting DPP-4 over the closely related DPP isoforms such as DPP-8 and DPP-9. It is an anti-diabetic drug marketed in Japan since 2010; and in 2013, the FDA approved the drug in three formulations: as a stand-alone with the brand-name Nesina, combined with metformin using the name Kazano, and when combined with pioglitazone as Oseni. Like other medications for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, alogliptin does not decrease the risk of heart attack and stroke.